Misunderstandings surrounding shingles are common, with many individuals mistakenly believing they can “catch” the virus from others. This concern often arises after being in close contact with someone who has either chickenpox or shingles. According to a study from the University of Bristol, while awareness of shingles is widespread, actual knowledge about the condition remains limited among patients.
Shingles is not an infectious disease that spreads from person to person. Instead, it represents the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox. After recovering from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve cells, sometimes lying inactive for years before reawakening. When it does reactivate, it manifests as clusters of small, fluid-filled blisters known as vesicles. Prior to the rash’s appearance, individuals may experience sensations such as tingling, burning, or pain in a localized area, often accompanied by general fatigue or fever.
Shingles affects approximately one in 25 people, typically following a distinct pattern. The rash usually develops in a strip or band on one side of the body, corresponding to a dermatome, which is an area of skin served by a single spinal nerve. It is uncommon for shingles to present on both sides of the body. The blisters eventually burst, scab over, and heal within three to four weeks, although some individuals may be left with small scars.
Common Myths About Shingles
1. You can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles: To develop shingles, an individual must have previously had chickenpox. When the blisters from shingles burst, they release live varicella-zoster virus fluid. If someone who has never had chickenpox or has not been vaccinated comes into direct contact with this fluid, they may contract chickenpox, not shingles. Thus, individuals with shingles should keep their rash covered and avoid contact with vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and newborns, who are at greater risk for complications.
2. Shingles can occur at any age: While the risk of developing shingles increases with age, it can affect anyone who has had chickenpox, including children and young adults. Individuals with weakened immune systems, whether due to age or medical treatments such as chemotherapy, are at higher risk.
3. It can affect more than just your torso: Although shingles typically appears on the chest or back, it can occur anywhere on the body, including the face and limbs, and can even affect the genitals. If shingles involves the face, it can lead to complications such as ophthalmic herpes, which poses a risk to vision. Another serious condition, known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome, can occur if the virus affects the facial nerve.
4. Early treatment helps: If you suspect you have shingles, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional without delay. Antiviral medications are most effective when initiated within 48 to 72 hours of rash onset, helping to shorten recovery time and minimize complications.
5. The story doesn’t always end when the rash heals: For some individuals, shingles can lead to complications even after the rash has resolved. Bacterial infections may occur in open blisters, necessitating treatment with antibiotics. Additionally, the virus can damage nearby nerves, resulting in post-herpetic neuralgia, a condition characterized by persistent nerve pain that can last for months or years.
The shingles vaccine significantly reduces the risk of developing shingles and the likelihood of suffering from long-term nerve pain. Although it does not eliminate the risk entirely, vaccination is a proactive measure to protect oneself.
Understanding shingles as a reactivation of a dormant virus rather than an illness contracted from others is essential. This knowledge serves as a reminder that viruses can remain in the body long after the initial infection has resolved. Recognizing the early signs, ensuring proper coverage of any rashes, and seeking prompt medical advice are crucial steps in managing this condition effectively.
This information is based on insights from Dan Baumgardt, a Senior Lecturer at the School of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Bristol.
