Queensland is experiencing a significant outbreak of measles, with a total of at least 12 confirmed cases in just six weeks. The latest infection was reported in the rural town of Middlemount, which has a population of about 2,000 and is located three hours south-west of Mackay. The Mackay Public Health Unit confirmed that the infection occurred earlier in September 2023.
The highly contagious nature of the measles virus means it can easily spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, as well as through direct contact with nasal or oral secretions. In light of the recent case, the Public Health Unit has issued an alert for individuals who visited the Middlemount Gym between September 12 and September 18, as well as those who were at the Middlemount Shopping Centre on September 17. These individuals may have been exposed and should monitor for symptoms.
Symptoms typically begin within 7 to 10 days following exposure, although they can take up to three weeks to manifest. Initial signs include fever, lethargy, a runny nose, a moist cough, and sore red eyes. A characteristic blotchy, red rash often appears afterward, spreading across the face and body, according to Queensland Health.
Cairns has been the epicenter of this outbreak, with the Cairns Hospital’s maternity ward identified as an exposure site. Notably, three patients from Cairns have been hospitalized due to the virus. Additionally, a case was confirmed on the Gold Coast involving an adult who had recently returned from Bali and was unknowingly infectious during visits to various locations in the city.
As of now, all reported cases in Queensland have involved adults. Catherine McDougall, Queensland’s Chief Health Officer, emphasized the severity of the situation, stating that measles is a “dangerous and highly contagious disease.” She noted that the cases are linked to individuals who have traveled overseas, highlighting ongoing outbreaks in several countries.
Dr. McDougall urged travelers or anyone in close contact with overseas travelers who develop symptoms to seek medical attention promptly. Vaccination remains the most effective method of protection against measles. According to Dr. McDougall, two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, part of the routine childhood vaccination schedule, can provide long-term, often lifelong immunity. Current studies indicate that the vaccine is approximately 98 percent effective against measles.
Queensland has recorded a troubling statistic regarding immunization rates, with government figures showing that the state has the lowest coverage for one-year-olds in Australia, at just 90.35 percent. This figure falls below the target of 95 percent, which is critical for herd immunity.
Dr. McDougall reiterated the importance of vaccination, encouraging anyone unsure of their vaccination status or who has not received the measles vaccine to contact their general practitioner or healthcare provider, especially if they plan to travel internationally.
Complications from measles can be severe, particularly for young children and individuals with chronic health conditions. As the outbreak continues to unfold, public health officials are working to contain the spread and ensure that communities are informed and prepared.
