Utilities across the European Union increased electricity output from fossil fuel sources by 13% in the first half of 2025, marking the largest rise for this period since 2017. According to data from the clean energy think tank Ember, which was analyzed by Reuters market analyst Gavin Maguire, natural gas-fired power plants saw a notable 19% surge in generation, reaching the highest level in three years. Coal-fired electricity output also climbed by 2%, its highest in two years.
The uptick in fossil fuel generation coincided with a harsh winter, the coldest in four years, which hindered wind power production across major European markets. Wind generation dropped by 9%, the steepest decline on record, largely due to unusually low wind speeds. Additionally, hydropower generation fell during the first half of 2025 compared to the previous year, further exacerbating the reliance on fossil fuels.
As a direct consequence of increased fossil fuel usage, emissions from the European power sector surged by 9%, reversing a trend of declining emissions that had persisted for the past few years. The combination of low renewable energy output, especially from wind sources, and higher electricity demand during winter highlighted the challenges the EU faces in its transition to renewable energy.
Germany, for instance, experienced several months of below-average wind conditions, which strained electricity generation and drove up prices, leading to greater dependency on fossil fuels. The decline in wind power generation, which is typically the largest source of electricity in Germany, persisted from late 2024 into early 2025.
Despite solar energy becoming the EU’s largest source of electricity for the first time in June 2025, this increase could not compensate for the substantial loss in wind power generation. The situation underscores the difficulties in maintaining a balanced energy system during the colder months, particularly when relying heavily on renewable sources.
The EU’s experience this winter serves as a critical reminder of the need for a more resilient energy strategy that can withstand environmental fluctuations while meeting the demands of its population. As the region continues to strive towards a greener future, the recent data reveals the delicate balance needed to transition successfully while ensuring energy security.
