Myanmar is experiencing a surge in violence and intimidation as the country approaches military-controlled elections scheduled for December 28, 2023. The UN Human Rights Office reported that both military authorities and armed groups are threatening civilians regarding their participation in the upcoming polls. The situation has escalated to the point where the UN Human Rights Chief, Volker Türk, has issued a strong warning, urging the military to cease its use of violence to coerce voters.
Violations of Human Rights and Freedom of Expression
According to the UN Human Rights Office, the military has resorted to brutal tactics to enforce compliance, including the arrest of individuals for expressing dissenting views. Under the controversial “election protection law,” multiple people have been detained, facing harsh penalties for their actions. Notably, three youths from Hlaingthaya Township in the Yangon Region received sentences ranging from 42 to 49 years for displaying anti-election posters. Prominent figures such as film director Mike Tee, actor Kyaw Win Htut, and comedian Ohn Daing were sentenced to seven years in prison for undermining public trust after criticizing a pro-election propaganda film.
Reports have emerged of alarming practices directed at displaced individuals, particularly in the Mandalay region. Civilians have received threats, warning them that they would face violence or have their properties seized if they did not return to vote. One displaced person recounted being told: “They are saying to the internally displaced: ‘You guys come back to the town (to vote). If you do not come back, we will continue to bomb you.'” Such coercive measures have drawn condemnation from the UN, with Türk stating that forcing displaced individuals to return under unsafe conditions constitutes a violation of human rights.
Escalating Violence from Armed Groups
The threats do not solely stem from military authorities. Armed groups opposing the military regime have also posed significant risks to civilians. On November 16, nine women teachers were reportedly abducted in Kyaikto while en route to a training session focused on the electoral process. They were later released but warned by their captors. Additionally, on November 18 and 19, the self-proclaimed ‘Yangon Army’ conducted bombings at administrative offices in Hlegu and North Okkalapa, injuring several election staff members. This group has indicated its intention to continue targeting those involved in organizing the elections.
In light of these developments, Türk emphasized that the current environment is characterized by violence and repression, making it impossible for the population to exercise their rights to freedom of expression, association, or peaceful assembly. He stated, “These elections are clearly taking place in an environment of violence and repression. There are no conditions for the exercise of the rights of freedom of expression, association or peaceful assembly that allow for the free and meaningful participation of the people.”
The situation in Myanmar remains critical as the nation approaches these elections. The international community is closely monitoring the developments, with hopes for a resolution that respects the rights and safety of all citizens.
