The Israel Defence Force (IDF) has intercepted a flotilla of humanitarian vessels attempting to deliver aid to Gaza, resulting in the seizure of multiple ships and the arrest of activists, including Greta Thunberg. The interceptions occurred in the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 70 to 80 nautical miles off the coast of Gaza, in international waters where freedom of navigation is recognized under international law.
Israel argues that its actions are justified due to a maritime blockade that prohibits foreign vessels from entering Gaza. The IDF claims that the flotilla is linked to Hamas, an assertion that the organizers of the flotilla have firmly rejected. This incident has reignited discussions about the legality of Israel’s actions and the humanitarian implications for Gaza.
Humanitarian Mission and International Backlash
The Global Sumud Flotilla, composed of over 40 boats carrying essential supplies such as food and medical materials, set sail from Spain in late August 2024. The flotilla included several hundred parliamentarians, lawyers, and activists from various countries, all aiming to challenge the blockade of Gaza. During its journey, the flotilla made stops in Tunisia, Italy, and Greece, where Italian and Greek naval escorts were deployed to ensure safe passage. However, passengers reported harassment from drones at several points during the voyage.
This flotilla is part of a long-standing campaign that has been active for over 15 years, aiming to address the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Previous attempts to deliver aid by sea have met with violence. Notably, in 2010, the Mavi Marmara, part of a similar flotilla, was boarded by Israeli commandos, resulting in the deaths of ten activists and significant international condemnation.
Legal Implications of the Interception
The legality surrounding the blockade and Israel’s authority to intercept vessels is complex. Israel has enforced various forms of blockades on Gaza for nearly 20 years, and the legal basis for such actions has been contested. A 2024 ruling by the International Court of Justice declared Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories illegal under international law. As an occupying power, Israel maintains control over all access to Gaza, including land, air, and sea routes.
While Israel has the right to enforce a security blockade within its territorial waters—typically extending 12 nautical miles from its coast—its actions in international waters raise significant legal questions. Flotilla organizers contend that their vessels were intercepted far beyond Gaza’s territorial sea, highlighting a potential violation of international maritime law.
The freedom of navigation principle in international waters is crucial; therefore, any harassment or interception of vessels in these waters constitutes a breach of international law. Reports indicate that activists aboard the intercepted ships have been detained and are expected to be transported to the Israeli port of Ashdod, where they may face expedited deportation. Additionally, these activists retain rights under international human rights law, including access to diplomatic support.
As the situation unfolds, the implications of Israel’s actions are likely to provoke further debate about humanitarian access to Gaza and the enforcement of international law in maritime conflicts.
