Australia’s national security landscape faces significant challenges as the country’s approach to geopolitical tensions is being exploited by adversaries such as China and Iran. Andrew Shearer, director-general of the Office of National Intelligence, expressed concerns that Australia’s preference for restraint and de-escalation is allowing adversaries to test the nation without triggering outright conflict.
During a speech to the Australia Japan Business Co-operation Committee in Perth on October 30, 2023, Shearer stated that the global military balance is “shifting against the West.” He noted that the effectiveness of Australia’s deterrence against threats is gradually eroding.
Adversarial Tactics and Economic Openness
Shearer highlighted that adversaries are leveraging coercion, cyberattacks, sabotage, and disinformation to undermine Australia’s security. “Often, they act through proxies, whether organised crime syndicates, front companies, armed groups or maritime militias,” he remarked. These methods exploit the openness of Australian society and economy, making it difficult for liberal democracies to respond effectively.
The director-general pointed out that these tactics have become a daily reality for governments and businesses alike. He emphasized the importance of economic openness for productivity and living standards while cautioning that this same openness can be manipulated by hostile entities to gain leverage and influence.
Shearer referenced recent attacks on Jewish sites in Australia, which were coordinated by the Iranian government, as a troubling example of the threats facing the nation. He also raised alarms about ongoing cyber-hacks attributed to China, which he described as a growing danger. Moreover, he noted that Beijing is challenging freedom of navigation in the South China Sea, thereby increasing the risk of confrontation in the region.
Strengthening Bilateral Defense Relations
His comments coincide with the signing of the new Pukpuk defence treaty between Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape. This treaty aims to enhance bilateral relations and establishes a commitment to mutual defense in the event of an armed attack.
Shearer concluded his address by noting the increasing frequency of crises, asserting that both state and non-state actors are more willing to test boundaries. He stressed the need for Australia to adapt its national security strategy in light of these evolving threats.
As Shearer prepares to conclude his role in December 2023, his insights underscore the complexities of Australia’s security environment and the urgent need for a proactive response to evolving global challenges. The Office of National Intelligence remains pivotal in advising the Prime Minister on crucial national security matters, reflecting the necessity for vigilance in an increasingly interconnected world.
