The live sheep export industry in Australia, particularly in Western Australia (WA), marks a significant milestone as the WA Livestock Exporters Association (WALEA) approaches its 50th anniversary. This industry has become a crucial component of the state’s economy, with WA sheep exporters, growers, and regional communities deeply intertwined in its history and development.
Australia’s geographical features have played a vital role in its reliance on maritime trade since European settlement. The first sheep arrived in Australia aboard ships alongside early settlers, laying the foundation for what would become a lucrative live sheep export trade. Over the past five decades, this trade has transformed into a major agricultural commodity, especially significant to WA, which has unique seasonal conditions that bolster the sheep and wool industry.
History and Growth of the Live Sheep Trade
The WALEA, established in July 1977, was the first association formed specifically for the livestock export industry. It now represents 100% of the sheep exported by sea from Australia. The association has played a crucial role in advocating for the industry and ensuring that livestock exports are conducted with high standards of animal welfare.
During a recent panel discussion at the LIVEXchange conference in Perth, former WALEA chairmen John Edwards and Steve Meerwald, along with current chair John Cunnington, discussed the evolution of the live sheep trade. Moderated by Dr. Peter Barnard, managing director of Oliver & Doam, the panel examined the trade’s history, achievements, and future challenges.
“Very soon WALEA will hit 50 years,” Dr. Barnard noted, emphasizing the opportunity to reflect on the industry’s significant contributions. He pointed out that Australia has exported over 200 million sheep to the Middle East, worth nearly $10 billion, with a large percentage originating from WA.
The trade’s roots can be traced back to the late 1800s when sheep were shipped in small numbers to markets like Singapore and Malaysia. However, the real turning point came in the late 1950s when pioneers recognized the potential of the Middle Eastern market, which had a substantial demand for sheep meat, particularly among Muslim populations. The first shipment of 2,500 sheep to Kuwait in 1960 marked the beginning of a rapid expansion.
Challenges and Industry Evolution
As the trade grew, so did challenges, particularly from unions opposed to live exports. In the mid-1970s, the Australian Meat Industry Workers Union became increasingly militant, leading to government-imposed quotas on live sheep exports. Despite these obstacles, the demand for live sheep from WA soared, reaching an all-time high of 7.7 million sheep exported in 1987. This trade became essential for WA producers, who invested significantly in infrastructure to facilitate exports.
Exporters have adapted to market demands and regulatory changes over the years. Notably, during the Millennium drought from 2001 to 2009, live sheep exporters played a pivotal role in alleviating the financial strain on farmers by transporting distressed sheep to markets. This adaptability has reinforced WA’s position as a major supplier to Middle Eastern countries, including Kuwait, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia.
The panelists also highlighted the industry’s response to crises. Incidents like the Awassi Express and Becrux have led to stricter regulations and improved practices, making Australia’s livestock transport industry a global benchmark for animal welfare standards. “The application of these new management tools has had a major positive impact on animal welfare and commercial outcomes,” Mr. Meerwald emphasized.
Looking ahead, the future of the live sheep export industry remains bright, especially with emerging markets in Southeast Asia. The panel discussed the growing demand for live cattle exports to countries like Indonesia and Vietnam, noting that Australia’s proximity to these markets positions it favorably for continued growth.
As the industry approaches its 50th anniversary, the founders and current leaders reflect on the lessons learned. They emphasize the importance of advocacy and continuous improvement to maintain support from both the government and the public. “What we have learned is that no matter how good you become, it means nothing if you are on the wrong side of the debate in electorates that are critical to form government,” Mr. Meerwald concluded.
The live sheep export industry has not only shaped Western Australia’s agricultural landscape but has also contributed significantly to the nation’s economy. As challenges evolve, the industry’s commitment to high standards of animal welfare and adaptability will be critical in navigating the future.
