Research suggests that daily protein and prebiotic supplements may enhance cognitive function in individuals over the age of 60. A study conducted by researchers at King’s College London indicates that these supplements can lead to improved memory test scores, a significant finding as similar assessments are utilized to detect early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. The study, published in March 2024, is the first of its kind involving twins, providing valuable insights into the relationship between gut health and cognitive abilities.
The double-blinded trial included 36 pairs of twins, each over the age of 60. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a daily prebiotic supplement, consisting of inulin or fructooligosaccharide (FOS), or a placebo. After three months, those who consumed the prebiotics generally achieved higher scores on cognitive evaluations. The findings highlight the potential of these inexpensive plant-based supplements to enhance brain health in an aging population.
Understanding Prebiotics and Their Impact
Prebiotics are non-digestible substances that stimulate the growth of beneficial gut microbes. In this study, the presence of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, was notably higher in participants consuming inulin or FOS. Research involving mice has suggested that Bifidobacterium plays a role in reducing cognitive deficits by enhancing gut-brain connections.
Mary Ni Lochlainn, a researcher in geriatric medicine at King’s College London, expressed enthusiasm about the rapid changes observed within just 12 weeks. She stated, “This holds huge promise for enhancing brain health and memory in our aging population.” The research underscores the potential for utilizing the gut-brain axis to develop new strategies for promoting healthier aging.
The study also notes that while cognitive improvements were evident, there were no significant enhancements in physical health indicators, such as muscle mass. Despite inulin and FOS being important for musculoskeletal maintenance, muscle loss did not appear to improve among participants taking the supplements.
The Broader Implications of Gut Health
Claire Steves, another geriatrician involved in the study, highlighted the accessibility of these supplements, noting, “These plant fibers, which are cheap and available over the counter, could benefit a wide group of people in these cash-strapped times. They are safe and acceptable too.” The findings suggest that prebiotics might serve as a practical and cost-effective approach to addressing cognitive decline in the elderly.
The study’s methodology, utilizing twins, allows for a clearer distinction between genetic and environmental influences on health outcomes. Although the sample was predominantly female, the findings are particularly relevant given that women are at a higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The results support the notion that cognitive decline may not solely be a brain-related issue but could also involve external factors, including gut health.
Emerging research continues to reveal the intricate connections between the gut and the brain, leading some experts to refer to the gut as the body’s “second brain.” Understanding these relationships could pave the way for new treatments for various health conditions.
The study was published in Nature Communications, marking a significant step forward in understanding how dietary interventions can positively impact cognitive function in older adults. The ongoing research will focus on whether these cognitive benefits can be sustained over longer periods and in larger populations, potentially offering new avenues for improving the quality of life for aging individuals.
