Philosophers across history, including Aristotle and Confucius, emphasize the importance of virtue, advocating moderation as a guiding principle. This concept, often overshadowed by modern interpretations, highlights the necessity of genuine actions over mere appearances in moral conduct.
The term “virtue signalling,” attributed to James Bartholomew, has sparked discussions about self-promotion in virtuous acts. However, the critique of performative virtue dates back at least two millennia. In Christianity, teachings suggest that virtue should not merely be performative but rather actionable, with a strong emphasis on doing good. Jesus famously criticized the Pharisees for their ostentatious displays of piety, which he deemed lacking in true virtue.
Confucius, who lived in the sixth century BCE, shared similar views. He advocated for a society founded on five core elements: jen (benevolence), chun tzu (exemplary person), li (correct conduct), te (moral force), and wen (cultivation of culture). According to Confucius, these components foster respect, integrity, and kindness in society. He emphasized that individuals, particularly those in power, must demonstrate benevolence, while those with less authority should exhibit loyalty and respect.
Confucius also introduced the principle of the middle way, asserting that virtues should be examined and practiced with reason. Blindly adhering to rules, such as the doctrine of li, contradicts the essence of true virtue. He believed a person’s actions should be thoughtful and intentional, avoiding extremes in moral behavior.
Similarly, Aristotle argued for a balanced approach to virtue, suggesting that the right amount of qualities like courage depends on the context. Courage becomes meaningful only when it serves a social good. Hence, both philosophers advocate for the careful consideration of moral actions rather than mere adherence to societal expectations.
In contemporary discussions, the dilemma of sharing virtuous acts online often arises. Reflecting on personal experiences, one might consider how a desire to avoid being seen as a “virtue-signaller” could inadvertently hinder the act of doing good. For instance, when prompted to share an online donation, many individuals may opt out, fearing the perception of self-aggrandizement.
Yet, this reluctance can lead to missing opportunities to inspire others. Research indicates that public commitments can encourage further action, suggesting that refraining from sharing support may be counterproductive. In such instances, individuals might instead be performing humility to an extreme, rather than genuinely embodying it.
Confucius reminds us that to become a chun tzu, or an exemplary person, one must reach beyond personal boundaries. True growth occurs when individuals expand their hearts and minds to encompass their relationships with others. The essence of virtue lies in the connections formed within a community.
In literary circles, Jackie Bailey, the author of *The Eulogy*, explores these themes in her work. Winner of the 2023 NSW Premier’s Literary Multicultural Award, Bailey draws from her experiences as a funeral celebrant and pastoral care practitioner, guiding families through moments of loss. Her insights resonate with the philosophical traditions of Aristotle and Confucius, reinforcing the notion that virtue is an intrinsic part of human connection and action.
As society navigates the complexities of virtue in the digital age, the teachings of these ancient philosophers remain relevant. They encourage an understanding that virtue is not merely a signal but a practice grounded in thoughtfulness, moderation, and genuine care for others.
